The study concludes that a stable political environment is an indispensable element for economic growth. Nigerias unitary federalism the guardian nigeria news. Government discrimination against nonindigenes in nigeria. There were ijaws, igbos, urhobos, itsekiris, yorubas. This first nigeria economic report will give some attention to longer term trends in the coun. Federalism is a system of government in which entities such as states and local governments share power with the national government.
Fiscal federalism, governance and internally generated. The past, current peril and future hopes aderonke majekodunmi political science department, faculty of social sciences. This first nigeria economic report will give some attention to longer term trends in. Federalism can be seen as a system of government in which governmental powers that exist in a country are shared between central government and other component units i.
Nigeria is one indivisible and indissoluble sovereign state to be known by the name of the federal republic of nigeria. Federalism is a political concept in which power to govern is shared between national, and subnational governments creating what is often called a federation arowolo. Decentralization is transferring the power from the federal to regional level or delivering management functions to other authorities. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. Nigeria full name federal republic of nigeria government presidential republic population 203,452,505 governmentrecognized religionsfaiths na religious demography 51. A cluster analysis of revenue allocation to states and local government areas, 1999 2008 olofin et al in recent years, the issues of resource control, revenue allocation and fiscal federalism have dominated discussions at various levels of nigerias political debate. Nigeria continued to make progress in the quest for a wellordered society. The feature of nigerian federalism could only be better understood by a reproduction of the definition of the concept federalism, professor nwabueze in his definition, defined federalism as an arrangement whereby governmental powers within a country are shared between a national, country wide government and a number of regional governments. Federalism, the constitution and resource control by. Federal highways act arrangement of sections control of federal highways section 1. Peace in nigeria will require accountable governance. International journal of asian social science politics of.
Decentralization is the means to allow for the participation of people and local governments morell. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multiethnic country like nigeria. The paper argues that local government is not mutually exclusive of other levels of government and that as such there is bound to be an interaction between the local and other levels of government. In the politics of federalism in nigeria, professor jonah elaigwu, a leading authority on federalism, discusses the processes through which nigeria came to adopt a federal system of government as well as the manner in which the system has been operated in the country.
Over the years the fiscal federalism in nigeria has crystallised and remained dynamic as a result of its multiplicity in terms of ethnic composition and pluralism visavis sociocultural dimensions. The study reveals that intergovernmental relations among the. Federalism is a political system of government where there is division of power among the three tiers of government federal, state and the local government. Nigeria, ethiopia, russia, india, and china the scope of the next wave the hivaids pandemic continues to spread around the world at an alarming rate, and the number of people with the disease will grow significantly by the end of the decade, as it becomes more geographically diffuse. Nigeria shall be a federation consisting of states and a federal capital territory. As a result of the nature of the multiethnicity of nigeria, it has brought about the issue of minorities which has constituted to one of the major problems militating against the development of the nation.
A cluster analysis of revenue allocation to states and local government areas, 1999 2008 sam o. The interethnic rivalry in nigeria has constantly disrupt development in the country. The smallest is st kitts and nevis 261 km 2 followed by micronesia 702 km some have very large populations. Dureleys conceptualization of federalism as a division of powers between a central government and several regions of state. The evolution, development and practice of federalism in. Nigerias constitutions up to the time of independence in 1960 were truly federal in character. The problems emanating from proper application of true federalism include total neglect of. Nigeria is also the largest cereal and meat producer in west africa. Local government and intergovernmental relations in nigerias.
Pdf iis resource centre shares knowledge and learning from across the programme. Governor bernard bourdillion 1935 1943 recommended the replacement of the provinces by regions which arthur richards constitution later. Olalekan5 existing literature on revenue allocation in nigeria shows more concern for merits and. Given the territorially delineated cleavages abounding in nigeria and the historical legacy of divisions among ethnic groups, regions, and sections, the federal imperative was so fundamental that even military governmentscharacteristically unitarian, hierarchical, and centralistattached importance to the continuation of a federal system of government. Given the territorially delineated cleavages abounding in nigeria and the historical legacy of divisions among ethnic groups, regions, and sections, the federal imperative was so fundamental that even military governmentscharacteristically unitarian, hierarchical, and centralistattached importance to the continuation of a federal system of. We provide technical support and evidencebased research. This gave rise to the thinking that federalism is a process of formation of a particular kind of political union, with at least two autonomous but interdependent levels of governments 6, that form of government where. Under the constitution, each of the three regions retained a substantial measure of selfgovernment. Having firmly and solemnly resolve, to live in unity and harmony as one indivisible and indissoluble sovereign nation under god, dedicated to the promotion of interafrican solidarity, world peace, international cooperation and understanding. Nigeria has a population of 3 million, a landmass of 923,768km2, a bountiful endowment in arable land, solid minerals and petroleumgas resources. Pdf ii collaborates with government partners and a diverse mix of stakeholders. Dakas nigeria, named after the river niger, is situated on the southern coast of west africa. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It shares borders with benin to the west, cameroon and chad to the east, and niger to the north.
The result revealed a positive and significant relationship between political stability and economic growth both in the long run and in the short run. Calabar nigeria abstract the abandonment of true federalism in nigeria has led to the neglect and marginalization of the niger delta region of nigeria, where the bulk of the countrys wealth is produced through the exploration and exploitation of crude oil which is the colossus of nigerias economic base. Towards effective legal writing in nigeria the open university. The term federalism is derived from the latin word fidere meaning to trust or to entrust some agreed values to a central entity of a given country 5. Fiscal federalism has occupied the front burner of political discourse in nigeria, since the return to civilian rule. Beginning from 1954, the unitary colonial state saw itself being gradually federalized as it.
Local government and intergovernmental relations in. Invest in nigeria recent reforms foster recovery, unlocking. The security crisis seizing nigeria these days is kidnappings for ransom. Between 1914 and 1946, the british colonial masters adopted regionalism as a way of reaching to the demands of then nationalists. Federal republic of nigeria ignatius akaayar ayua and dakas c. The paper examines local government and intergovernmental relations in nigeria. Nigeria federalism the constitution and resource control page 1 of 24. Public disclosure authorized nigeria economic report.
Examining weak subnational finances in nigerian states chukwuma agu african institute for applied economics,enugu, nigeria abstract one of the most crucial challenges to nigerias ailing fiscal federalism is the inability of states to raise, retain and manage revenue. Legal research, legal academic writing, legal education, nigeria. Ii 1978 and 2001, different ethnic groups or nations such. Article 17 1 the state social order is founded on ideals of freedom, equality and justice. Governor bernard bourdillion the history of federalism in nigeria can be traced to the division of the country into three provinces northern province, western province and eastern province by governor bernard bourdillion in 1939. General of nigeria, 16 rivonia road, illovo, johannesburg plus a copy of the certificate of incorporation of the company in nigeria plus a copy of the nigerian passport of the person signing the letter. This is because of its multidimensional perspectives. In nigeria, the poor performance of the public sector over the years has necessitated the call for effective operation of fiscal federalism in the countrys political space and policy finetuning.
In nigeria, fiere aeea to be no setout philosophy for bpriromsnt. Invitation letter must have full address and telephone numbers of the company in nigeria. These fears and suspicions had led to the emergence of aggressive political and economic competitions along ethnoregional lines. Firstly, two striking events drew the white men into the shores of nigeria.
Each region had its own constitution, coat of arms and autonomy with regard to. Fiscal federalism and resource control in nigeria ngozi nwogwugwu, phd. The largest is the russian federation 17m km 2, canada 9. Nigeria is a federal republic with three tiers of government. The practice of fiscal federalism in nigeria has been inhibited by several factors which include, the dominance of the federal government in the revenue sharing, the protracted period of. A year ago, the spotlight was on violent conflict between farmers and herders.
In 1950, at the ibadan conference where all the major regional leaders of the country representing their people were present, after a lot of deliberations and compromise, some decisions were taken, chief among which was the desire for a federal system of government. Before we start discussing federalism in nigeria, it is pertinent to know what federalism really is. The nigeria economic report will also be a vehicle for the dissemination of existing world bank studies that are deemed to be of particular relevance for nigeria. Until that point, the constitution had a unitary tendency in creating three regions and delegating some powers to them, the richards constitution became the forerunner of the later federal constitutions. Federalism and ethnic conflict in nigeria united states. Even earlier, it was the tensions in the niger delta, and so on. Nigeria as a nation is presently being faced with numerous problems emanating from lack of rule of law, so also the challenges of building an enduring and susta.
Fiscal federalism, governance and internally generated revenue. Nigeria department of field support cartographic section map no. Nigerias fourth republic solomon adebayo adedire department of political science and international relations, landmark university, omu aran, kwara state abstract. Federalism, the constitution and resource control by itse sagay in the beginning, there was no nigeria. Variety of federations 25 countries and 40% of world population and 50% of surface of earth. Nigeria federalism the constitution and resource control page 2 of 24.
Nigeria to which the term federalism has properly been applied. Therefore, the problem with federalism in nigeria is the mixapplication or nonapplication of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution awa, 1977. In spite of this confusion, we can still conceptualize federalism. Kupoluyi department of political science and public administration babcock university,ilishanremo, ogun state abstract. Nigeria as a nationstate came into existence via colonial experience prior to colonial rule in 1900. Exploring secondary data, the study examines the necessity for affirmative action in nigeria and the effectiveness of the federal character principle on political integration of the country. Governor bernard bourdillion 1935 1943 recommended the replacement of the provinces by regions which arthur richards constitution later implemented in.
Accommodating diversity and promoting stability by ides mildred aziegbe submitted to central european university department of public policy in partial fulfillment for the degree of masters of arts in public policy supervisor. P articipatory poverty assessment, the world b nk, september 1995 3 this d iscussion o f th e h story of f scal eralism in n g ra is b ased upon ekpo 1994 and ehw em 1999. Federalism in nigeria refers to the devolution of selfgovernance by the west african nation of nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the federal government. Federal character and political integration in nigeria dr.
Nigeria gained full independence in october 1960, as a federation of three regions northern, western, and eastern under a constitution that provided for a parliamentary form of government. Pdf ii is a flexible, rapidresponse facility supporting champions of change in nigeria. Conceptual issues fiscal federalism is a byproduct of federalism. Nigerians embraced federalism as a way of managing the conflicts and suspicions among the various constituent nationalities that make up the nigerian state. Nigeria has an important economic influence on the entire region, including the franc zone where it has increasingly been making investments particularly in the banking sector. Nigeria has the appropriate credentials for greatness. The stock exchange in lagos is the only largescale financial trading centre in the region. But, mismanagement of the economy, lack of public accountability, insensitivity of the leadership to the yearnings and aspirations of. Perspective of nigeria s democratic system by yusuf o. In 1885, the british government proclaimed the oil rivers protectorate over some parts of present day southern nigeria nwokedi, 2006.
There shall be 36 states in nigeria, that is to say, abia, adamawa, akwa ibom. The oxford dictionary definea priaon afl the ncondftion of bein8 kept in captivity or confinement and forcible deprivation of personal libertyon section sf the 1972 act also defines. For instance, federalism is a form of governmental and institutional structure designed to cope with the dual but equally difficult task of maintaining unity while preserving its diversity. In administering nigeria, britain divided the country into three regions, north, east and western regions. Ali esq every citizen of nigeria is entitled to move freely throughout nigeria and to reside in any part thereof, and no citizen of nigeria shall be expelled from nigeria or refused entry thereto or exist there from. Under the constitution, each of the three regions retained. To start with, nigeria s federalism fundamentally violated b.
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